Polycystic Ovary Syndrome : Challenging Issues in the Modern Era of Individualized Medicine / edited by Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Intro -- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Challenging Issues in the Modern Era of Individualized Medicine -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Author biography -- Part I: Polycystic ovary syndrome: Challenges and controversies -- Chapter 1: Defining PCOS: A syndrome with an intrinsic heterogeneous nature -- Introduction -- Etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS -- Familial aggregation -- Androgen excess and insulin resistance: Cause or consequence? -- The PCOS phenotype covers a spectrum of etiological contributions of a primary defect in androgen secretion mixed with trig ... -- Historical definitions of PCOS: Cause or consequence of heterogeneity? -- Strategies to overcome the limitations imposed by the heterogeneity of PCOS -- Changing the name of the syndrome? -- Changing the definition of PCOS? -- Standardizing the methods used to establish each of the individual criteria used to define PCOS! -- IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is nothing more, but also nothing less, than a very common female phenotype -- References -- Chapter 2: Secondary PCOS: Well-defined causes, leading to the PCOS phenotype -- Introduction -- PCOS-Secondary to hyperprolactinemia -- PCOS-Secondary to thyroid disorders -- PCOS-Secondary to nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency -- PCOS-Secondary to cushing syndrome -- PCOS-Secondary to acromegaly -- PCOS-Secondary to severe insulin resistance states -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Developmental origins of polycystic ovary syndrome: Everything starts in utero -- Introduction -- PCOS phenotypes: Reproductive and metabolic components -- PCOS genetics -- Recent genetic studies re-categorize PCOS women into etiologically disparate reproductive and metabolic phenotypes -- Hyperandrogenism in PCOS redefined -- Intergenerational transmission of PCOS.

Gestational hyperandrogenism in PCOS -- Pre- and peri-pubertal hyperandrogenism in PCOS -- PCOS-like traits in hyperandrogenic animal models -- In utero -- Postnatal genital biomarker of fetal androgen excess -- Molecular gateways to PCOS: androgen and estrogen receptors, as well as AMH, in an environment of metabolic dysfunction -- Late gestation -- Neonatal female hyperandrogenism -- Peripubertal and adult female hyperandrogenism -- Naturally occurring female hyperandrogenism -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: The multifarious role of insulin in PCOS: From pathophysiology to therapeutic management -- Introduction -- Difficulties and pitfalls in the measurement of in vivo insulin action -- The unhealthy connection between insulin and PCOS -- Insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia: Which is the player in the pathophysiology of PCOS? -- Effects of treatment of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance in women with PCOS -- Conclusions -- Funding -- References -- Chapter 5: The pathogenic role of androgen excess in PCOS -- Introduction -- PCOS clinical aspects -- Androgens in PCOS -- Pathophysiology of PCOS -- The androgenic hypothesis in the pathogenesis of PCOS -- The effect of antiandrogens -- Studies on animal models -- Prenatal and early postnatal androgen exposure -- Metabolic effects of elevated androgens -- References -- Chapter 6: Intrinsic abnormalities of adipose tissue and adipose tissue dysfunction in PCOS -- Introduction -- Intrinsic abnormalities of adipose tissue and adipose tissue dysfunction in PCOS -- Adipokines and PCOS -- Adiponectin -- Leptin -- Resistin -- Pigment epithelium-derived factor -- Retinol-binding protein 4 -- Visfatin -- Apelin -- New adipokines: Chemerin, osteopontin, asprosin, SFRP4 -- Brown adipose tissue in women with PCOS -- Adipose tissue as an inflammatory environment generator in PCOS.

Inflammatory mediators in PCOS -- Interleukin-6, TNF(Sa(B, and CRP -- White blood cells -- Other cytokines and inflammatory mediators -- Integration between dysfunctional adipose tissue and low-grade inflammation in PCOS -- Body fat distribution, insulin resistance, androgen secretion, and adipose tissue dysfunction across PCOS phenotypes -- Epigenetics of adipose tissue in PCOS -- IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial condition with different phenotypes, characterized by c -- References -- Chapter 7: Diet and exercise in the management of PCOS: Starting from the basics -- Obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in PCOS -- Insulin resistance -- Central adiposity -- Metabolic syndrome -- Energy expenditure in PCOS -- Basal metabolic rate and postprandial thermogenesis -- Gut-brain axis -- Mental health and weight loss -- Interventions aiming at weight loss in patients with PCOS -- Pharmaceutical agents and weight in PCOS -- Drugs traditionally used in PCOS-effect on weight -- Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) -- Antiandrogens -- Insulin sensitizers -- Metformin -- Thiazolidinediones -- Inositols -- Drugs used to aid weight loss in PCOS -- Orlistat -- Bupropion/naltrexone -- GLP-1 receptor agonists -- Bariatric surgery in PCOS -- Diet -- The patient profile in PCOS -- Management strategies -- Dietary interventions in PCOS -- Low carbohydrate diets (LCD) -- High protein diets -- The Mediterranean diet -- Emerging fields -- Dietary interventions and long-term compliance -- Dietary prescription -- Physical activity -- Exercise prescription -- References -- Chapter 8: Targeting metabolism in the management of PCOS: Metformin and beyond -- Metabolic dysfunction in PCOS -- Impact of androgen excess on metabolism -- Impact of altered metabolic status on androgen action -- Metabolic dysfunction and PCOS phenotype.

Interventions targeting metabolism in PCOS -- Lifestyle modifications -- Metformin -- Thiazolidinediones -- GLP-1 receptor agonists -- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors -- Combined oral contraceptives/antiandrogens -- Statins -- Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors -- Bariatric surgery -- Conclusions -- Future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9: Combined oral contraceptives: Why, when, where? -- Introduction -- Pharmacology of COCs -- Side effects and contraindications of therapy with COCs -- Side effects -- Contraindications -- Why treat PCOS with COCs? -- When treat PCOS with COCs? -- Where treat PCOS with COCs -- According to the severity of hirsutism -- According to the severity of obesity -- According to the cardiovascular background of PCOS patients -- The role of carbohydrate metabolism -- Side effects of treating PCOS with COCs -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Targeting infertility in PCOS: Unfolding ``Ariadne's thread�� -- Introduction -- Etiologies for infertility associated with PCOS -- Pretreatment health enhancement -- Diet -- Exercise -- Behavioral strategies -- Bariatric surgery -- Medical and surgical ovulation induction -- Oral ovulation induction agents -- Gonadotropin therapy -- Laparoscopic ovarian surgery -- Insulin sensitizers -- Metformin -- Oral hypoglycemic agents other than metformin -- Chinese herbal medicine -- Acupuncture -- In vitro fertilization -- The future -- Algorithm for the management of anovulatory PCOS [2] -- References -- Chapter 11: Inositols and other supplements in the management of PCOS -- Introduction -- Inositols -- Physiological functions -- Inositol's effects in PCOS -- Clinical evidence of MI effectiveness -- Clinical evidence of DCI effectiveness -- Preclinical and clinical evidence of effectiveness of MI/DCI combination -- Inositol-resistance -- Hormone D (vitamin D).

``Vitamin D��: Beyond the bone -- Hormone D and progesterone: An interesting overlapping -- Clinical evidence of vitamin D effectiveness in PCOS -- Alpha-lipoic acid -- Physiological functions -- Clinical evidence of ALA in PCOS -- Omega 3 -- Melatonin -- Probiotics -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Polycystic ovary syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease -- Overview of metabolic risk profile and complications of NAFLD -- Epidemiological aspects of NAFLD in PCOS -- Putative pathophysiological pathways linking PCOS to NAFLD -- Androgen excess -- Metabolic effects of androgen hormones in PCOS-like animal models -- Pathophysiological role of hyperandrogenemia in the development of NAFLD in PCOS -- Lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, postprandial dysmetabolism, and insulin resistance -- Metabolic crosstalk between the liver and the pancreas: Role of fetuins -- Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress -- Obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and adipokines -- Ghrelin -- Genetic and epigenetic risk factors -- Chemicals and endocrine disruptors -- Gut microbiota -- Independent predictors of NAFL and NASH in PCOS -- Age -- Free testosterone -- Sex-hormone binding globulin -- Metabolic syndrome -- PCOS phenotype A -- Obstructive sleep apnea -- Diagnosis criteria and risk stratification of NAFLD in PCOS -- Noninvasive serum laboratory parameters of NAFL and NASH in PCOS -- Metabolomics, a potential tool in the evaluation of PCOS and NAFLD -- Imaging techniques -- Ultrasonography -- Vibration-controlled transient elastography (FibroScan, VCTE) -- Real-time shear wave elastography -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Liver biopsy -- Recommendations for screening of NAFLD and case-finding strategy of NASH in PCOS -- NAFLD in the adolescent with PCOS -- Therapeutic options of NAFLD in PCOS -- Diet and lifestyle -- Pharmacological therapy -- Statins.

Vitamin E.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.