BRIEF CONTENTS; DETAILED CONTENTS; LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; ABOUT THE AUTHORS; CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Overview of the Research Process; 1.3 Overview of the Running Examples; 1.4 Further Readings; 1.5 Questions; Summary Questions; Thought Questions; CHAPTER 2: PREPARATION FOR RUNNING EXPERIMENTS; 2.1 Reading Literature in the Area; 2.2 Preparing the Apparatus and Materials, Design, and Procedure Through Piloting. 2.2.1 Care, Control, Use, and Maintenance of Apparatus2.2.2 The Testing Facility; 2.2.3 Choice of Dependent Measures: Performance, Time, Actions, Errors, Verbal Protocols, and Other Measures; 2.2.4 Plan Data Collection With Analysis in Mind; 2.2.5 Run Analyses With Pilot Data; 2.2.6 Write About Your Experiment Before Running; 2.3 Preparing for Recruiting; 2.3.1 Choice of a Term: Participants or Subjects; 2.3.2 Recruiting Participants; 2.3.3 Subject Pools and Class-Based Participation; 2.4 Institutional Review Board (IRB); 2.4.1 What Needs IRB Approval?; 2.4.2 Preparing an IRB Submission. 2.5 Preparing to Run the Low Vision HCI Study2.6 Preparing to Run the HRI Study; 2.7 Conclusion; 2.8 Further Readings; 2.9 Questions; Summary Questions; Thought Questions; CHAPTER 3: POTENTIAL ETHICAL PROBLEMS; 3.1 Preamble: A Simple Study That Hurt Somebody; 3.2 The History and Role of Ethics Reviews; 3.3 Recruiting Subjects; 3.4 Coercing Subjects; 3.5 Risks, Costs, and Benefits of Participation; 3.6 Sensitive Data; 3.7 Plagiarism; 3.8 Fraud; 3.9 Conflicts of Interest; 3.10 Authorship and Data Ownership; 3.11 Interpersonal Conflicts Within a Research Team. 3.12 Potential Ethical Problems in the Low Vision HCI Study3.13 Potential Ethical Problems in the Multilingual Fonts Study; 3.14 Conclusion; 3.15 Further Readings; 3.16 Questions; Summary Questions; Thought Questions; CHAPTER 4: RISKS TO VALIDITY TO AVOID WHILE RUNNING AN EXPERIMENT; 4.1 Validity Defined: Internal, External, Construct, and Surface; 4.2 Risks to Internal Validity; 4.2.1 Power: How Many Participants?; 4.2.2 Experimenter Effects; 4.2.3 Participant Effects; 4.2.4 Demand Characteristics; 4.2.5 Equipment and Setup Effects; 4.2.6 Randomization and Counterbalancing. 4.2.7 Abandoning the Task4.3 Risks to External Validity; 4.3.1 Task Fidelity; 4.3.2 Representativeness of Your Sample; 4.4 Avoiding Risks in the Multilingual Fonts Study; 4.5 Avoiding Risks in the HRI Study; 4.6 Conclusion; 4.7 Further Readings; 4.8 Questions; Summary Questions; Thought Questions; CHAPTER 5: RUNNING A RESEARCH SESSION; 5.1 Preparing to Run a Research Session; 5.1.1 Preparing the Space for Your Study; 5.1.2 Piloting; 5.1.3 Experimenter Dress Code; 5.1.4 Preparing and Using a Script; 5.1.5 Before Subjects Arrive; 5.2 Running a Research Session; 5.2.1 Welcome.